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List of stories
Lerman Boris Iossifovich
ThE Story is Provided by the Presidential Library

BORIS I. LERMAN (1925-2024)

Served as a sub-machine gunner in the 9th separate guards motorcycle Brandenburg Order of Red Star battalion, the 11th guards tank Carpathian and Berlin Order of Red Banner and Order of Suvorov corps. A survivor of the Siege of Leningrad. A participant in the assault of Berlin.

Boris I. Lerman was decorated with the Order of Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War, the combat medals “For the Liberation of Belarus”, “For the Liberation of Warsaw”, “For the Capture of Berlin”, “For the Victory over Germany” (in total over 20 medals), as well as the memorial sign of a veteran of the 1st guards Order of Red Banner tank army and the badge of a veteran of the 11th guards tank Carpathian and Berlin Order of Red Banner and Order of Suvorov corps.
Boris Iossifovich Lerman was born in the town of Ushachi, Polotsk Oblast (now Vitebsk Oblast in Belarus) on 24 June 1925. He was the ninth child in his big family: he had eight brothers and two sisters. When the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued the Decree “On State Labor Resources” on 2 October 1940, Boris was in the 8th grade. The Decree established a network of vocational (trade, industrial and railway) schools. Boris resolved to go to one of such schools in Leningrad, where his elder brothers and a sister already lived and worked at different factories. Boris chose to enter Trade School № 7. He joined a group specializing in optical mechanics and underwent practical training at the Leningrad Optical Mechanics Factory, which was part of the Bolshevik Factory (now the Obukhov Factory).

Boris Lerman wrote:

“The days of the training were passing by happily when the war broke out on 22 June, 1941, like a thunder-clap. On that day we were having lunch at the canteen when our friend Tolya, who joined us with a delay, told us the sad news. At first I couldn’t make heads or tails of what he was saying. But an hour later a senior headman came and explained everything.”
His sister and brothers were summoned to the local military commissariat: brothers Semyon and Yefim were enlisted in the infantry and sister Lyubov was sent to work as a nurse in a hospital.

The classes at the trade school ceased and the students were to help workers at the Leningrad Optical Mechanics Factory to pack the equipment for evacuation. Then they were told to dig trenches at the Luga defensive line.

Boris Lerman recalls:

“The work was very hard. The spade handles were longer than our height and we used to work barefoot in clay in the rain and got soaked with it. But no one complained. A break for lunch and then we resumed our work until nightfall. We had supper in the field kitchen, and after that bedtime came – we slept in a hayloft. Early in the morning, we marched on, spades in hands, to get on with our “combat task.” No allowance was made for those who were not tall enough or strong enough.”
Once back in Leningrad the students from Lerman’s trade school were told to build earth and timber bunkers near Victory Square in the Moskovsky city district. The situation in Leningrad was getting worse every day, especially with the onset of cold weather, bomb raids and malnutrition. Boris Lerman moved to his sister Nina’s place, a 15 square meter room. The trade school discontinued classes and students did casual work. As trade school students had the same status as workers, they were entitled to a higher ration: 250 g of bread, a couple of spoons of porridge or some other gruel (pearl barley, bran) for breakfast, some soup and a little porridge for lunch.

The cold November came. Some tram lines were no longer in operation. So Boris had to walk all the way to his trade school, which was 24 tram stops away.

Boris Lerman recalls:

“Meanwhile, the food shortage was getting more and more acute. Mortality rate rose on a daily basis. Freezing temperatures were getting more severe. People around us were growing weaker and died of cold and starvation. My schoolmates and I weakened too, particularly because of the long walking I had to do to the school and back. At some point I realized I was too weak to make it, especially in such freezing weather. My legs began to weaken.
In early February 1942, sister Nina received permission for evacuation of two persons from her husband: he got it from the Oil Industry Commissariat. Boris and Nina started to make preparations for a long journey.

This is how Boris Lerman describes these events:

We woke up early in the morning, packed bare necessities into the suitcase, loaded it onto the sleigh <…> We went outside… As we walked some 100 meters, I felt each meter coming increasingly hard to me, and after a short distance, my legs stopped serving me at all. <…> At this very moment I took a firm albeit stupid resolve: 'Nina, you go by yourself and save yourself, while I stay here and get through one way or another….'”
Sister Nina traveled alone leaving me the keys and all her food ration cards. Boris struggled back home and fell utterly exhausted on the bed. Boris’ brother Yefim, who served as an anti-aircraft gunner on the lifeline across the Ladoga, saved his life: he sent him a parcel of foodstuffs.

As soon as Boris gained strength, he turned to the Central Administration for Labor Resources. He was transferred to Trade School № 38, which was situated not far from his house. On 8 March, 1942, this trade school was evacuated through the lifeline corridor and then by train to the North Caucasus.

Boris Lerman shared the memories of this journey:

“We are going by train to the South, drawing closer and closer to the destination, the food is getting better, we are in good humor, local people welcome us at the stations, show us hospitality, love and respect… When I got off the train, a woman and a boy ran up to me and handed me over a bundle with the foodstuffs. She said to me: ‘You, poor thing, please take it and eat to your heart’s content; you and all the Leningraders have suffered so much…’”
Boris and his schoolmates arrived in the Stavropolsky Region, where they recovered under doctors’ care. About a month later, in early May 1942, they left for Moscow. Boris Lerman was assigned to a turning shop at Gorbunov Factory № 23 to work on military orders.

In 1943 Boris Lerman turned 18. He was exempt from active duty as long as he worked at the Gorbunov Factory. However, he was willing to join the army. He explained that much at the local military commissariat, who had sent him a draft notice, and was allowed to join.

He was sent to the 20th training tank regiment in Ryazan, where he underwent training on an American self-propelled artillery vehicle SU-57. Boris Lerman was enlisted in the 9th separate reconnaissance motorcycle battalion, the 11th tank corps under the command of Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel A.K. Babadzhanyan. This corps was part of the 1st guards tank army of the 1st Belarusian Front commanded by Colonel-General M.E. Katukov, who had been twice given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Boris Lerman went fighting through the whole of Poland. He recollected:
“The fighting was very heavy, especially while capturing the city of Poznan, which was secured by fortifications.”
On 16 April, 1945, an assault on Seelow Heights began.
“Fascists retreated but continued to put up a fierce defense,” wrote Lerman, “our corps advanced despite heavy casualties; at some point I spotted a notice on the pole saying ‘15 km to the Reichstag, Berlin’. At this very moment Marshall Georgy K. Zhukov, commander of the 1st Belarusian Front, ordered the 1st guards tank army to reach Berlin first and to hoist the Victory Banner. This honorable mission was entrusted to our 11th guards corps.”
The Certificate of awarding the commendation to Guards Private Boris Iossifovich Lerman, a participant in the battle for the capture of the city of Gnieźno. 21 January 1945.

The Certificate of awarding the COMMENDATION to Guards Private Boris Iossifovich Lerman, a participant in the battle for the capture of the city of Gnieźno, by the order of Commander-in-Chief, Marshall of the Soviet Union, Comrade Stalin dated 22 January, 1945.

Signed by Unite Commander

The Certificate of awarding the commendation to Guards Corporal Boris Iossifovich Lerman, a participant in the battle for the capture of the city of Gdynia. 1945.


The Certificate of awarding the COMMENDATION to Guards Corporal Boris Iossifovich Lerman, a participant in the battle for the capture of the city of Gdynia, by the order of Commander-in-Chief, Marshall of the Soviet Union, Comrade Stalin.


Signed by Unite Commander.


The line at the bottom of the page reads: 'The city of Gdynia was captured on 29 March 1945.'


Fierce fighting swept through the streets of Berlin: assault units of 6 – 10 tanks were supported by 30 – 50 submachine gunners, who ran along sidewalks ahead of the tanks firing at basements and ground floors. Boris Lerman was among those gunners. In his memoirs he compared the situation in Berlin to a “volcano eruption.” He saw around him
“the black and grey clouds of smoke and red brick powder, mountains of iron and stone rubbles, the jingle of broken glass, collapsing house walls, spurts of flame in demolished houses, shell bursts, smelting metal.” “But nothing could stop our soldiers, who continued to advance from door to door, from house to house,”
27 April saw the beginning of the combat assault of the Reichstag. The units of the 11th corps were set an objective to capture the Imperial Chancellery. But when on 29 April these units were only 200 – 250 meters away from it, they were assigned a new task – to target the Reichstag. As we found out, the 5th attack army approached the Chancellery from the other side ready to assault it.
“The situation repeated itself on the way to the Reichstag,” recalled Boris Lerman, “the 3d and 5th attack armies assaulted the Reichstag after our 11th corps did the bulk of the work.”
The Certificate of awarding the commendation to Guards Private Boris Iossifovich Lerman, a participant in the battle for the capture of the city of Berlin. 2 May 1945.

The Certificate of awarding the COMMENDATION to Guards Private Boris Iossifovich Lerman, a participant in the battle for the capture of the city of Gnieźno, by Order N 359 of Commander-in-Chief, Marshall of the Soviet Union, Comrade Stalin dated 2 May, 1945. The Certificate was issued to our unit, including You, Boris Lerman.

The Certificate of Appreciation issued to Guards Corporal Boris Iossifovich Lerman, a participant in the capture of Berlin, from the Military Council of the 1st guards tank army. Berlin, 9 May, 1945.

The CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION issued to Guards Corporal Boris Iossifovich Lerman, a participant in the capture of Berlin (April – May, 1945), the 9th separate guards motorcycle Brandenburg battalion.

You have done your full duty to your Homeland in the Patriotic War, glorifying Russian weapon in the fields of great battles against the German invaders and eternalizing Stalin’s guards.

The Military Council of the 1st guards tank army commends you for your heroic participation in the historic battles to capture the capital of German imperialism – Berlin and congratulates you on the Victory.

Colonel General of the Tank Forces M. Katukov, Commander of the 1st guards tank army

Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces N. Popel, member of the Military Council of the 1st guards tank army

Berlin, 9 May, 1945

The Reichstag was taken by storm. The German troops capitulated. Here are Boris Lerman’s memories of the first May days:

“Our 11th guards tank corps marked the 1st of May, 1945, by destroying the enemy in the Berlin Zoo, which was our last combat operation. And from early in the morning of the next day, 2nd May, I had the happiest and most long-awaited day in my life. In the streets and courts soldiers and officers danced to the music of accordions and sang chastushkas of all sorts, including those with obscene language. It was a sunny and fine day. No shooting, just smoldering debris after the 1st May bombing raids and fighting. I stood next to the heap of weapons of all kinds and watched German soldiers and officers pass by with their heads low. They got out of basements and walked to the prisoners of war rallying point. The Berlin dwellers put up white flags or bed sheets on their windows. The whole Berlin garrison capitulated. We were carried away by the feeling of indescribable joy. We celebrated the triumph of good over evil and, of course, the fact that we remained alive.


<…> On 4 May, our 9th reconnaissance battalion got stationed outside Berlin. On 8 May, we started celebrating the Victory without awaiting the signing of the act of capitulation. We were in a good, festive mood. For lunch we had more meet than usual thanks to the shipments of canned stewed meat from the U.S. <…> In celebration of the Victory we were entitled to a 100 g of vodka, but got no more than 75 – 80 g, as a matter of fact. Although such negligible amount of vodka couldn’t possibly make our soldiers drunk, nearly everyone got drunk: my comrades-in-arms were jubilant, sang songs, danced and began shooting at random into the air. Our commander yelled and ran from one gunner to another telling to stop shooting, but it was too late. In this makeshift artillery salute soldiers fired a fair amount of their ammunition. I fired some 30 – 35 single shots from a machine pistol. Although everyone participated in this shooting, it was me and two more soldiers like me to whom punishment was administered.”

The 9th separate motorcycle battalion was at first stationed in Dresden but then transferred to the village of Klotzsche not far from Dresden, where it occupied the military barracks and used boxes for military vehicles. Boris Lerman stayed there until the end of March 1949. While in Klotzsche, he trained as an armored vehicle driver. He headed Enlisted Men’s Club and was elected Komsomol secretary in his battalion. Boris received an offer to stay on in the army in the rank of lieutenant, but he turned it down. He was impatient to return to Leningrad.
Letter of Commendation issued to Junior Sergeant Boris Iossifovich Lerman for the excellent performance in the military service. 1948.

LETTER OF COMMENDATION issued to Junior Sergeant Boris Iossifovich Lerman


I award you with the present Letter of Commendation for the excellent performance in the military and political training and the impeccable service in the Military Forces of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics.
I express confidence that in the future you will continue to serve as a model for doing one’s duty to the Homeland in good faith.

Address by Marshall of the Soviet Union V. Sokolovsky, Commander-in-Chief of the Group of the Soviet Occupation Troops in Germany, to the members of the Group military personnel being discharged from the service in the Armed Forces of the USSR on German territory [Berlin], 27 March 1949.

Dear Comrade Boris Iossifovich Lerman,

Upon completion of your service in the Armed Forces you are returning to your Homeland – the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics.

While being away from your country and doing service in the Group of the Soviet Occupation Troops in Germany, you, arms in hand, safeguarded our country’s peace and security. You upheld the honor of the Russian weapon and enhanced its glory.
Having honorably served your term in the Soviet Army, you did the Soviet citizen’s honorary duty, established by our fundamental law – the Stalin Constitution.

Nowadays, the Homeland expects you to work conscientiously and selflessly for its benefit – its further thriving and strengthening. Where ever you work – at plants/ factories, collective/state farms, in transportation or construction sites of our Homeland– you are sure to be welcomed by our Soviet people and met with love like a good friend or comrade.

I urge you to devote all your energies to a speediest and pre-schedule completion of the Stalin plan of great works, as well as to strengthening the economic and defensive might of the socialist state.

The historic victory in the Patriotic war ought to be consolidated by exemplar labor in the national economy, so please be among top performers of the nations-wide socialist emulation. Constantly seek to reinforce the labor discipline. Do your best to help further the military work involving the population.

Carry out your duty to the country in a Bolshevik way, in a Stalin way. Comport yourself with honor and dignity of the Soviet Army soldier and the USSR citizen.

Onwards to new victories in building Communist society under the guidance of the glorious Bolshevik party and under the leadership of great STALIN!

I wish you success in your extensive and fruitful work for the benefit of our beloved Soviet Homeland!

Marshall of the Soviet Union V. Sokolovsky, Commander-in-Chief of the Group of the Soviet Occupation Troops in Germany

27 March 1949

In the after-war years Lerman worked as a trolleybus driver in Leningrad. When he retired, he was in the position of a senior inspector for trolleybus and tram traffic safety.